ABSTRACT
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, there is still inadequate understanding of the exact mechanism related to progressive diabetic renal disease. The GLUT-1 XbaI gene polymorphism in the glucose transporter has been suggested in the development of DN. However, its association with T2DM and DN is controversial and has not been established in different ethnic populations. To enhance the understanding of GLUT-1 XbaI gene polymorphism in the context of T2DM and DN. We investigated the possible genetic association of GLUT-1 XbaI polymorphism with T2DM and DN in North Indian population. 100 T2DM patients and 100 patients of DN with 100 healthy controls were included in the study. GLUT-1 XbaI polymorphism was determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism). The obtained data showed no significant association between GLUT-1 XbaI gene polymorphism with T2DM and DN leading us to conclude that GLUT-1 XbaI gene polymorphism may not have major effects on T2DM and DN in North Indian population.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Depending on the etiology of the Diabetes mellitus, factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production. In diabetes, oxidative stress seems caused by both increased production of ROS, sharp reduction in antioxidant defenses and altered cellular redox status. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study was conducted on 35 diabetic patients (11 Female /24 Male) with mean age of 52.8±5.4 years. Both the study groups were non-smokers and non-alcoholics and were not suffering from any other chronic disease. MDA and antioxidants status were estimated in both cases (35) and controls (30). Results: Plasma MDA levels in type 2 diabetic patients were found to be significantly higher (p<0.001) than controls, whereas levels of GPx, SOD, CAT, vitamin C and uric acid were significantly lower (p<0.001) in the diabetic patients compared to the control subjects. Conclusion: Diabetic patients were susceptible to oxidative stress and persistent hyperglycemia had an association with free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. Our study suggests an imbalance between plasma oxidant and antioxidant system in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives:Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is characterized by a chronic hypertrophic synovitis leading to destruction of connective tissues and functional damage of cartilage and bony structure. Reactive oxygen species play an important role in tissue injury of this disease. The objective of this study was to measure the oxidative stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in both study and control groups. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 50 RA patients (35 Female /15 Male) with mean age of (46±6.3) years. Both the study groups were non-smokers and non-alcoholics and were not suffering from any other chronic disease. Lipid peroxidation products, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were estimated in cases (50) and controls (30). Results: TBARs levels in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis were found to be significantly (p<0.001) higher than controls, whereas levels of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT, Vitamin E (p<0.001) and vitamin C (p<0.004) were significantly lower in the RA patients compared to control subjects. Uric acid and ceruloplasmin levels in the plasma of RA patients were significantly (p <0.001) higher as compared to control subjects. Conclusion: The enhanced lipid peroxidation accompanied by perturbation in antioxidant status indicates free radical mediated oxidative damage in rheumatoid arthritis.